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entertainment but not for learning literacy. The following three factors
(Shopova, 2014). Nevertheless, access guide the conceptualisation of digital
to technology and outcomes of the literacy: access to technology, working
internet and technology used to obtain skills, and behavioural skills (Figure 2).
the skills are the grounds of digital

Figure-2: Three-Factor Conceptualisation of Digital Literacy
(Author’s Conceptualisation)
Access to technology is essential navigation, communication, and
to determine students' access to information search and management
computers, internet connection, tablets, (Table 1). The elements of behavioural
and smartphones. Working skills are skills are manifested in day-to-day
based on computer basics, internet activities (Table 2).
Table-1: Working Skills

Install software on a computer, Prepare a PowerPoint
Fundamentals presentation
of Computer Rename a folder, Empty the recycle bin
Scan a document
Connect to a wireless device, Set a website as the home page
Internet
Navigation Protect private data, Create a safe password
Online shopping
Identify fraudulent email, Open an attachment
Communication Create a personal profile on a social network website, Interact
with other users on an online forum

Indian Journal of Educational Technology 279
Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2021