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information is accessed universally. (i) communication and collaboration
The increasing importance of digital (ii) critical thinking, creative thinking,
platforms has brought modifications and problem-solving. These skills are
in the skills and knowledge of digital generally about what students can do
learning. So, digital skills are important with knowledge and how they can apply
for educational systems. Digital skills that knowledge in school and social
determine information and technical life (UNESCO, 2017). Although different
skills. Digital skills are the abilities to use definitions and classifications of 21st-
computers or smartphones allowing century skills have been put forward so
students to share similar knowledge far, Ferrari (2013) states that these skills
among their peers. Van Laar et al. include information, communication,
(2107) addressed digital skills as so- content creation, safety, and problem-
called twenty-first century skills. Use solving competencies. Information
of information and communication skills are the ways of browsing,
technology shows more open access to searching, filtering, evaluating,
a computer and internet. This demands storing, and retrieving information.
a higher command of ICT skills and the The communication skills include
ability to work with the internet. Such interaction, sharing information &
experience establishes digital skills. The content, engagement, and collaboration
digital skills determine high-level skills through digital technologies. Creation
which are covered under 21st century of content consists of developing
skills. OECD recommends that identifying content, integrating and re-elaborating
and fostering the development of 21st it, copyright and licenses, and
century skills are either supported programming using technologies. Safety
or enhanced by ICT and digital skills involves protecting devices, managing
(OECD, 2010). Nevertheless, during & protecting personal digital data, and
technology-enhanced settings, learners protecting the environment. Online
interact to learn by giving explanations problem-solving skills are resolving
or making communication on each tasks by using digital tools, collaborative
other’s contributions. Learners’ online problem-solving, innovating, and
collaboration consists of meaningful creatively using technology.
interaction between peers. Thus, The knowledge, skills, and attitudes
working through the internet highlights needed to use digital technologies to
their collaboration and communication search, select, and organise digital
skills.
information and content are the digital
skills and competencies. Basic Digital
Mapping of 21st-Century Digital Skills
Competences encompass digital
Digital skills are necessary to equip problem solving, digital citizenship, digital
the education systems with high-level information seeking and organising,
skills. In literature, these skills are digital content creation, digital
mostly called twenty-first-century skills communication, and collaboration. It
or digital skills. According to Van Laar consists of fundamentals of familiarity
et al. (2017), 21st-century skills include with hardware and software, and all the

Indian Journal of Educational Technology 281
Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2021