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News International, 2020; Sharma, period of online teaching.
2020). Teachers overnight adapted to a
completely new form of teaching. The Challenges of Online Teaching
literature review showed that efforts Indian e-learning scenario has always
for online teaching were in progress been plagued by challenges of equity
for quite some time and e-learning was and access, digital divide, low digital
possible via MOOCs (Dhawan, 2020, literacy. Ensuring quality education
p.13). India boasts of having the world’s is another major challenge (Dhawan,
largest free online e-learning platform 2020, p.14). Some basic challenges
SWAYAM, as illustrated on the AICTE faced during implementation of online
website. India has been prepping up teaching are poor network especially
for online education by developing a in remote areas, lack of smartphones,
gamut of e-resources like NPTEL, Virtual distraction, low cyber literacy, the
labs, A-VIEW, Consortium of Educational requirement of technical support, need
Communication (CEC), digital libraries, of designing specific online curriculum
ePathshala, e-PG Pathshala, DIKSHA, and creating online teaching content,
SWAYAM Prabha, Gyandarshan. But, the requirement of training teachers
online education did not get much in skills like online interactions and
foothold.
online assessment, the additional
The unprecedented circumstances cost of internet and hardware, added
created by COVID-19 pandemic resulted responsibility on teacher to provide
in a switch to online teaching and technical support to students, difficulty
learning and what the world saw was in dealing with individual differences
a mega educational experiment in and ensuring student engagement
action. Education in the year 2020 was (Atmojo & Nugroho, 2020; Hasan &
supported by online platforms that Khan, 2020; Kaup et al., 2020; Slimi,
included learning management systems 2020; Wedenoja, 2020; Zhang et al.,
(LMSs) like Google classroom, Microsoft 2020). Regular teaching material,
teams, Edmodo, EduPage; video methods, and assessment techniques
sharing websites like TEDEd, YouTube; cannot be used in online teaching.
instant messaging platforms like But, instead of delivering specialized
WhatsApp, Gmail; video conferencing content designed for the online
apps like Zoom, Google meet, Google mode of teaching, often teachers use
hangouts, Skype; online assessment classroom teaching content in online
tools like Quizizz, Google forms, Kahoot classes (Fedynich, 2014; Wedenoja,
(Addimando et al., 2021; Atmojo & 2020; Zhou et al., 2020). Successful
Nugroho, 2020; Basilaia & Kvavadze, delivery of online teaching depends
2020; Sharma, 2020). As there were no heavily on the technological abilities
pre-designed strategies to run online of both teachers and students. In the
education for a prolonged period, case of school students, lesser access
every country came up with dynamic and exposure to online learning tools,
solutions. Various challenges and difficulty in time management, lack of
opportunities surfaced during this students’ motivation, social isolation

78 Indian Journal of Educational Technology
Volume 3, Issue 2, July 2021